What happened during the Battle of Hong Kong

The Japanese attacked a few hours before the attack on pearl harbour. British, Canadian and Indian forces, commanded by Major General Christopher Maltby, resisted the Japanese invasion but were outnumbered.

The colony had barley any air defence and was forced to retreat to Singapore.
The Japanese bombed Kai Tak Airport at DEC 8.The attack also destroyed many aircrafts except the two used by the Air Unit of the Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Corp.

The Japanese took over golden hill. This made the situation on the New Territories and Kowloon untenable and the evacuation from started on Dec 11 1941 As much as possible, military and harbour facilities were demolished before the withdrawal. By 13 December, the British Indian Army commanded by Lieutenant Colonel R. Cadogan-Rawlinson, to retreat to Hong Kong island.

Maltby organised the defence of the island, splitting it into two sections. Two demands for surrender were made on 13 December and 17 December. When these were rejected the Japanese force sneaked onto the island to attack. They suffered only light casualties, although no effective command could be maintained until the dawn came. That night, approximately 20 gunners were killed after they had surrendered. There was a further massacre of prisoners, in both cases, a few men survived to tell the story.

On the morning of DEC 19th fighting continued on Hong Kong Island but the Japanese annihilated the headquarters of West Brigade, causing the death of Brigadier John K. Lawson, the commander of the West Brigade. From 20 December, the island became split in two with the British Commonwealth forces still holding out around the Stanley peninsula and in the West of the island. At the same time, water started becoming scarce the Japanese captured the island's reservoirs.

On the morning of Dec 25, Japanese soldiers entered the British field hospital at St. Stephen's College, and tortured and killed a large number of injured soldiers, along with the medical staff.
By the afternoon of 25 December 1941, it seemed resisting would be useless so Sir Mark Aitchison Young surrendered in person at the Japanese headquarters on the third floor of the Peninsula Hong Kong hotel. This was the first occasion on which a British Crown Colony has surrendered to an invading force. They called this day "Black Christmas" since it was so close to Christmas.

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